PA · all jurisdictions

Physician Assistant collaborative practice requirements, state by state

All 52 jurisdictions on one page. Sort by any column, then open a state for the full rules and their sources.

Independent practice0 jurisdictions

Conditional independence13 jurisdictions

Supervision required39 jurisdictions


Alabama	Supervision required	Required	9 (combined)	On-site presence required	By agreement · Quarterly	Quarterly	Yes	—
Alaska	Supervision required	Required	4	Available remotely	Not codified	Not codified	Yes	Collaborative Plan
Arizona	Conditional independence	Required	No cap	No proximity requirement	Not codified	Not codified	Yes	Written Supervision Agreement
Arkansas	Supervision required	Required	3	Available remotely	Not codified	Not codified	Yes	Delegation Agreement
California	Supervision required	Required	8	Available remotely	0% · As needed	Not codified	Yes	Practice Agreement
Colorado	Supervision required	Required	No cap	No proximity requirement	Not codified	Every 6 months	Yes	Collaborative Agreement
Connecticut	Supervision required	Required	No cap	Available remotely	Not codified	Annually	Yes	Written Delegation Agreement
Delaware	Supervision required	Required	4	Available remotely	Not codified	Not codified	Yes	—
District of Columbia	Supervision required	Required	No cap	Available remotely	Not codified	Quarterly	Yes	Delegation Agreement
Florida	Supervision required	Required	10	Available remotely	0% · As needed	Not codified	Yes	Written Protocol
Georgia	Supervision required	Required	8 (combined)	No proximity requirement	Not codified	Not codified	Yes	Job Description
Hawaii	Supervision required	Required	No cap	Available remotely	50% · Monthly	Not codified	Yes	—
Idaho	Supervision required	Required	No cap	Available remotely	Not codified	Not codified	Yes	—
Illinois	Supervision required	Required	5	Available remotely	Not codified	Not codified	Yes	Written Collaborative Agreement
Indiana	Supervision required	Required	4	No proximity requirement	10% · As needed	Annually	Yes	Written Supervisory Agreement
Iowa	Supervision required	Required	5	Available remotely	Not codified	Not codified	Yes	—
Kansas	Supervision required	Required	2	Available remotely	100% · As needed	Not codified	Yes	—
Kentucky	Supervision required	Required	4	Available remotely	By agreement · As needed	Not codified	Yes	—
Louisiana	Supervision required	Required	8	Available remotely	Not codified	Annually	Yes	—
Maine	Conditional independence	Required	No cap	Available remotely	Not codified	Not codified	Yes	Collaborative Agreement
Maryland	Supervision required	Required	4	Available remotely	Not codified	Not codified	Yes	Collaboration Agreement
Massachusetts	Supervision required	Required	No cap	Available remotely	Not codified	Quarterly	Yes	—
Michigan	Supervision required	Required	4	Available remotely	Not codified	Not codified	Yes	Written Practice Agreement
Minnesota	Conditional independence	Required	No cap	Available remotely	Not codified	Not codified	Yes	Written Practice Agreement
Mississippi	Supervision required	Required	No cap	Within 30 miles	10% · Monthly	Not codified	Yes	Written Practice Protocol
Missouri	Supervision required	Required	6 (combined)	Available remotely	10% · As needed	As needed	Yes	Collaborative Practice Arrangement
Montana	Conditional independence	Required	No cap	Not specified	Not codified	Not codified	Yes	—
Nebraska	Supervision required	Required	4	Available remotely	Not codified	Not codified	Yes	Written Collaborative Agreement
Nevada	Supervision required	Required	3 (combined)	Available remotely	By agreement	Not codified	Yes	Written Supervisory Agreement
New Hampshire	Conditional independence	Required	No cap	Available remotely	Not codified	Not codified	Yes	Written Collaboration Agreement
New Jersey	Supervision required	Required	4	Available remotely	Not codified	Not codified	Yes	Written Supervision Agreement
New Mexico	Supervision required	Required	No cap	Available remotely	Not codified	Not codified	Yes	—
New York	Supervision required	Required	6	Available remotely	Not codified	Not codified	Yes	—
North Carolina	Conditional independence	Required	No cap	No proximity requirement	Not codified	Monthly	Yes	—
North Dakota	Conditional independence	Not required	No cap	No proximity requirement	By agreement · As needed	Not codified	Yes	—
Ohio	Supervision required	Required	5	Available remotely	Not codified	Not codified	Yes	Supervision Agreement
Oklahoma	Conditional independence	Required	6 (combined)	Available remotely	Not codified	Not codified	Yes	Written Practice Agreement
Oregon	Conditional independence	Required	No cap	Available remotely	Not codified	Monthly	Yes	Collaboration Agreement
Pennsylvania	Supervision required	Required	6	Available remotely	100% · As needed	Not codified	Yes	Written Agreement
Puerto Rico	Supervision required	Required	2	Available remotely	By agreement · As needed	Not codified	No	—
Rhode Island	Supervision required	Not required	No cap	Available remotely	Not codified	Not codified	Yes	—
South Carolina	Supervision required	Required	6 (combined)	No proximity requirement	By agreement · As needed	Not codified	Yes	Scope of Practice Guidelines
South Dakota	Conditional independence	Required	No cap	No proximity requirement	Not codified	Not codified	Yes	Written Practice Agreement
Tennessee	Supervision required	Required	No cap	On-site presence required	20% · Monthly	Not codified	Yes	—
Texas	Supervision required	Required	7 (combined)	No proximity requirement	Not codified	Monthly	Yes	Prescriptive Authority Agreement
Utah	Conditional independence	Required	No cap	Available remotely	Not codified	Not codified	Yes	Delegation of Services Agreement
Vermont	Supervision required	Required	No cap	Available remotely	Not codified	Not codified	Yes	Written Practice Agreement
Virginia	Conditional independence	Required	6	Available remotely	Not codified	Not codified	Yes	Practice Agreement
Washington	Conditional independence	Required	No cap	Available remotely	Not codified	Not codified	Yes	Collaboration Relationship
West Virginia	Supervision required	Required	No cap	Available remotely	Not codified	Not codified	Yes	Practice Notification
Wisconsin	Supervision required	Required	No cap	Available remotely	Not codified	Not codified	Yes	Written Collaborative Agreement
Wyoming	Supervision required	Required	3	Available remotely	Not codified	Not codified	Yes	—

Cells show the first rule on file; a state whose rule branches on a condition shows the branches on its own page. Pathways to independent practice for Physician Assistants

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