Collaborative Practice Agreement for Physician Assistants in Texas

No proximity requirement

No mileage/radius or continuous-availability standard is codified. TMB's own guidance (tmb.texas.gov/apply-renew/physician/prescribing-and-supervision) treats distance between practice sites as one factor it may weigh in judging whether supervision is 'adequate,' not a fixed rule.

Up to 7 at a time (combined across provider types)

One physician's total roster of APRNs and PAs together may not exceed 7 FTE under a Prescriptive Authority Agreement (§ 157.0512(c)) — a combined cap, not 7 per provider type. No cap applies at a facility-based hospital practice or a site serving a medically underserved population (§ 157.0512(d)). A separate 7-per-medical-director cap applies to long-term-care facility-based delegation specifically (§ 157.054(b)(4)).

Monthly, in person or via telehealth

At least monthly (§ 157.0512(e)(9)(B), (f)), method left to the physician and PA — a 2019 amendment (H.B. 278) removed a prior in-person requirement, so phone/video meetings satisfy this. The same subsection requires a documented chart-review process, with the number of charts reviewed 'determined by the physician and physician assistant' — no fixed percentage is codified in current law.

Separate prescribing terms required · controlled substances permitted

PAs need only individual DEA registration to prescribe controlled substances — Texas eliminated the separate DPS Controlled Substances Registration requirement for mid-level practitioners effective Sept. 1, 2016 (S.B. 195, 2015); the delegating physician separately registers the delegation with TMB, not DPS.

Licensee-only ownership required — Professional association, PLLC, corporation, or partnership jointly owned by a physician and PA (Tex. Bus. Orgs. Code § 301.012; 22 Tex. Admin. Code § 174.5, 'Joint Ownership' — TMB reorganized its rules effective Jan. 9, 2025, repealing former §§ 177.16/.17 and moving this content into new Chapter 174) — PAs are the ONLY non-physician profession in Texas with an express statutory joint-ownership pathway. The PA's interest (alone or combined with other PA-owners) must stay a minority, may not equal or exceed any individual physician-owner's interest, and the PA may not be an officer, may not employ or contract the supervising physician, and may not direct the physician's practice of medicine. An organizer must be a physician ensuring physician control.

This is the only entry in this dataset where a non-physician provider has a direct statutory ownership pathway — every APRN entry below (np, pmhnp, crna, cnm, cns) has none at all under current Texas law.